Water Supply in India Essay Example for Free

Water Supply in India Essay India has a land size of 3. 29 million square kilometers with a diverse population which has narrowly exceeded the one billion mark. The demand for water has continued to rise fast due to urbanization where a significant percentage of the population lives in the urban areas. In addition, the increase in demand of water is further attributed to industrial growth and increase in agricultural consumption (Omvedt, 1993). Access to clean drinking water is a basic necessity of life. However supply of clean water in India remains to be insufficient despite the measures that have been taken by major institutions in India in curbing the problem. Most of the cities in India, though densely populated, do not have continuous access to clean water supply on a daily basis. Water is distributed for only a few hours per day. According to a study that was carried out in 2007 by the Asian Development Bank, twenty out of the thirty five states in India had an average duration of 4. 3 hours per day of clean water supply (Deorah, 2006). This proves the unreliability in management and distribution of piped water in major cities as well as in small towns in India. Although piped water is not well developed in rural areas, the same problem still thrives, sometimes hand pumps remaining out of order for a long time. It is quite embarrassing to find that even with the great advancements in technology in the 21st century, there are still some people in certain areas of the world who face the danger of ill health due to lack of enough and quality water. Sustainable management of water resources is quickly turning out to be a necessity with a looming crisis that seems to be a threat to the livelihood and security of the general public in the coming years (Siegfried, Brown, Heikkila, Lall, 2008). Basing on this background, it is therefore the objective of this paper to center on the problem of water supply in India. 2. 0 Literature review A number of authors and scholars have carried out studies on the issue of water supply in India. The main focal point of these researchers was on the causes and possible solutions to the problem of water supply in India. According to Deorah, the major cause of low amounts of water supply whose quality is also poor is majorly as a result of mismanagement of water as a resource (2006). According to studies done by Mustafa it is revealed that the story of water in most parts of the Indus Basin which is largely in India, is related to the political landscape of the area (2007). Some of the authors highlight the possibility of an imminent danger facing India due to the conflicting figures in relation to the rising demand for water against the decline in supply of the same (Homer-Dixon, 2000). In a bid to solve this problem, Uitto and Jansky proposes that the public be incorporated in the process of efficient management of water sources (2005). In addition, it has been sugested by some scholarly material that the implentation of â€Å"the water conservation campaign awareness† is a great step in finding a lasting solution (Birkenholtz, 2009). Into the same bargain are authors Siegfried, Brown, Heikkila and Lall who recommend the idea of recycling waste water as well as harvesting of rainwater as part of the solution (2008). On the same note, Omdvet in his book â€Å"Reinventing Revolution: New Social Movements and the Socialist Tradition in India â€Å" gives the importance of preserving water catchment areas such as the Himalayas Mountains which plays a pivotal role in provision of water in the country (1993).

Politics and society in the late roman republic

Politics and society in the late roman republic Politics and Society in the Late Roman Republic â€Å"Augustus restoration of the res publica was all a sham, a facade behind which lurked monarchy.† Discuss The restoration of the res publica occurred in 27 BC when Gaius Octavius returned his powers to the senate and people of Rome. This restoration is a much debated topic in modern literature with particular emphasis placed on the word ‘restoration, as much of the res publica appears to have been changed, albeit behind a number of traditional institutions. A number of scholars support the above statement suggesting the res publica from this point onwards was a monarchy in all but name (Eck, Jones and Wiseman). This essay will however take the alternate view along with a number of contemporary scholars, most notably Millar, Segal and Severy; the idea that Augustus wished to restore the res publica, but also needed to react to the events of the period so as to defend the traditional values of the Roman people. Augustus did however slide towards monarchy during this period, but various authors offer differing dates at which the facade begins to occur. The first point to be discussed is that of Augustus and his links with the Roman military, which can be viewed at first in purely monarchical terms, this reading however can also imply a much more traditional approach towards republican values. The introduction of the Trojan games or Ludi Troiani for example is a return to a much older tradition based within the early sixth century BC (Virgil Aeneid V.596-601, Suet. Aug. 43.2, Severy 2003: 82-3, Taylor 1924: 161). This and the reintroduction of other public events such as the Secular games can be seen as a return to res publica in its earliest form and thus infers an attempt to restore it. Scholars such as Rostovtzeff however think of the Ludi Troiani as an attempt to convince the younger patrician generation that a singular leader would not harm their interests in terms of military glorification (Jones 1960: 16). The return of such military games also reinforced military discipline, reducing the chance of further civil wars and def ection in the next generation (Vel. Pat. 2.64). This does not however have to suggest an idea of Imperial rule; as disciplinewas an important part of the Roman military throughout its history (Goldsworthy 2003: 33). The major controversy surrounding the army is that of Augustus use of his extended family in the major military roles from the 10s BC onwards (Eck 2007: 80). This however is at least 10 years into the ‘new res publica, suggesting that this idea was reactionary rather than an early attempt to introduce monarchy. One event in particular could be linked to this; Cornelius Gallus in Egypt, the prefect placed here due to his friendship with Augustus was later accused of treachery and ended his life after disobeying the senate (Eck 2007: 60, Eck 1984: 131, Dio Cass. 53.23). This episode in the early stages of the res publica must have shaken both the senate and Augustus himself; primarily due to the fact that three legions were accessible in this province (Shotter 2007: 100, Strabo Geog. 17.12, Syme 1933: 25). The senate reformations are also a much discussed topic as a change in Augustus powers (Wiseman 1971: 10-12). The first, genuine reduction in the senate occurred in 29 BC and appears to have removed senators on a voluntary basis (Dio Cass. 52.42, Wiseman 1971: 10); allowing a majority of princeps italiae to remain. This group is viewed as Augustus powerbase in this period, featuring prominently in his elevation to Pontifex Maximus. The appointment however had previously been offered by the Roman people (RG 10, Suet. Aug. 31.1), suggesting that Augustus was respecting tradition by waiting for both the death of the previous Pontifex and approval from the senate. The next of the lectiones, 19 and 11 BC appear to have forced senators to leave, replacing them with Augustus own supporters (Eck 2007: 80, Wiseman 1971: 10-11, RG 8, Dio Cass. 54.13). This reformation appears to mark a turn towards monarchy, as Augustus gains the majority within the senate. Prior to this point Augustus had only used his auctoritas and financial advantages to keep the res publica stable (Eck 2007: 53-4, RG 34). The first settlement of 27BC is the point at which Augustus returned the republic to the senate and people of Rome (res publica restituta) by relinquishing his triumviral powers and abolishing any of the enactments not legally ratified by the senate during the triumvirate (RG 34, Ov. Fast. 1.589, Severy 2003: 45-6). Dio however argues that the caretakership given to Augustus at the senates suggestion was merely a front to the monarchical intentions of the princeps senatus (Dio Cass. 52.1, 53.11.4, Vitruvius preface, Hor. Odes 3.14.15, Wallace-Hadrill 1993: 14-15, Eck 2007: 52). As a source, Dio is not a contemporary, writing around 200 years later. This relates his thoughts to a period in which contemporaries such as Ovid and Velleius Paterculus were writing (Vell. Pat. 2.89, Ov. Fast. 1.589). Augustus retained his consulship until the second settlement of 23BC, meaning that Augustus was still in charge as a traditional magistrate minus the limitation of one consulship per 10 years (Jones 1960: 4-5). It was however during the first settlement that Augustus received control of a number of provinces including Spain, Gaul and Egypt; rather than the senate, due to the rebellious nature of these provinces as proven by later campaigns (Vel. Pat. 2.90, Suet. Aug. 21). The other provinces were returned to senatorial control using the old system of governorship. This would also suggest the reason for the large military presence in these areas. As well as this Augustus is stated to have returned the provinces of Gallia Narbonensis and Cyprus in 22BC (Brunt Moore 1988: 9). Other modern sources infer that the high numbers of legions in these areas were due to Augustus wish to maintain military supremacy (RG 16, Dio Cass. 55.25.1-3, Severy 2003: 85-7, Eck 2007: 51-2). This reduced the chances of further Civil wars by associating the military with one key group of people rather than the original rotational system prior to the Civil wars as by rooting the military to a set number of trusted i ndividuals the army itself was permanently tied to Rome itself rather than its generals. The title of Augustus itself, given by the senate in 27BC conveys much meaning about his relative power. The name is taken from August, associated with the sacred and auguries (Wallace-Hadrill 1993: 16, Ov. Fast. 1.596-616). This relationship gives Augustus an implicit link to the divine power of Rome and also suggests monarchical intentions. The name Augustus can also be seen as a legal title conferred upon him by the senate at the end of the triumvirate and the beginning of his guardianship of the state. Augustus and contemporary sources however do not refer to the name as an implication of power, but utilise it as a new image to that of Octavian; primarily due to its association with the triumvirate. This change of image is illustrated particularly after the first settlement, when Augustus melted down 80 silver statues of Octavian, then dedicated the value in golden tripods to Apollo (RG 24, Severy 2003: 59). This infers that that his image, previously that of a dictator was chan ged to the man who restored the res publica(Eck 1984: 136, Severy 2003: 47). Augustus also received a number of honours from the senate and people of Rome, the first of which is the corona civis (Severy 2003: 46, Wallace-Hadrill 1993: 17). This was a laurel of oak given to one who has saved the life of a roman citizen and is portrayed on a number of coins (RG 34,Mattingly 1923: 3.14, 18.6). It has also been used to represent the saving of Rome during history. Cicero for example is reputed to have received the same honour for his acts during the Catiline conspiracy (Moralee 2004:67). This honour is therefore defined within the traditions of the res publica (Severy 2003: 46), suggesting that the senate was restored to its former constitutional form. The corona civis however also implies a permanent debt to those who gave it (Wallace-Hadrill 1993: 17); in this case the senate and people of Rome, inferring that these groups will forever remain clients to Augustus. The second of the awards attributed to Augustus was that of a golden shield displaying the major virtues of courage, clemency, justice and piety which was awarded to Augustus as defender of the res publica (Hor. Odes 3.2-6, RG 34, Severy 2003: 46, Wallace-Hadrill 1993: 17, Yavetz 1984: 4-5). This suggests that the senate required Augustus to act in such a way as to control the army and subsequently the state. The riots in 22BC illustrate this as when Augustus denies the consulship the people fear for the state (Dio Cass. 54.1, Brunt Moore 1988: 44). These honours form part of Augustus image, primarily in that they respect the tradition of previous magistrates, as the honours are left outside of the domus. This infers a return to early divisions of public and private, portrayed by Augustus himself (Severy 2003: 47, Dio Cass. 53.16.4). The second settlement of 23BC is a further point at which Augustus appears to take control of the empire, and to some marks the maturity of the Imperial system (Severy 2003: 49, Shotter 2007: 100). This was however defined again with magisterial terms, suggesting a role above others in the senate, yet limited to a set number of 5 years (Severy 2003: 49). Augustus relinquished the consulship which he had held since 27 BC due to ‘universal consent (RG 34). He instead received the tribunitia potestas and imperium proconsulare maius. These powers gave Augustus the authority to manipulate but not control the senate, as the right to veto and call emergency senate meetings meant that the body was effectively under his control (Shotter 2007: 100, Wallace-Hadrill 1993: 14). This period appears to mark the beginning of the facade of singular rule. Complete control however is not gained until the title of pater patriae is acquired. The major turning point from res publica to facade appears to occur in the third settlement, a new notion attributed to 19, 18 and 11BC with the introduction of a number of laws (leges) that completely change republican ideals (Severy 2003: 50, 56). The laws relating to marriage named lex Julia de martinandins ordinibus, for example were designed to encourage reproduction amongst the orders particularly within the patrician order (Lintott 2010: 117). This led to a drastic cut in terms of senatorial potential for those of the next generation, instead needing to rely on the generosity of Augustus and later rulers to make up the required property allowance. The law also had another important aspect in that it caused a break from traditional patronage values as freedmen were forced to break their oaths of marital chastity to their patrons(Digest 37.14.6.4, 23.2.19, Severy 2003: 56). This law therefore decreased the nobles relationship between patron and client, whilst further increasing Augustus own association with the people (Shotter 2007: 100, Eck 2007: 51). Another law that greatly affected traditional republican values was that which regarded adultery, known as the lex Julia de adulteriis. This law reduced the power of the pater familias while increasing Augustus own, as prior to the introduction of this law issues regarding adultery were under the control of the pater familias (Severy 2003: 51, 56, Yavetz 1984: 13). The introduction of such laws infer that Augustus was tending towards monarchical rule, and by placing family within the legal status of Roman citizenship, completely changed the values of the res publica (Eck 1984: 131, Severy 2003: 52). This allowed the placing of himself as pater of all Romans; suggesting a monarchical threat to the original constitution of the res publica. The use of Augustus family from 24BC appears to indicate a change of direction towards monarchy. The first of the members, Marcellus was allowed to run for consulship in 24BC, Syme sees this as an attempt to establish an heir (Syme 1939: 342-3, Jones 1960: 6-7 Dio Cass. 53.31.1). Others however disagree, especially as contemporary sources cannot be certain of the apparent heir as a successor (Jones 1960: 6-7). This infers that none knew of Marcellus as heir, and some secondary sources appear to believe that the mention of Marcellus in the Aeneid (Virgil Aeneid 8.860-85, Dio Cass. 53.30.5-6) suggests his apparent role in Augustus life; mentioning him as a good Roman and with no mention of a formal relationship between the two characters. The Secular Games (Ludi Saeculares) however appear to contradict the idea of the establishment of a royal family, as the games although heavily linked to the idea of the family, have little mention of any of Augustus relatives (Severy 2003: 57, Beard, North Price 1998: 71-2, Suet. Aug. 91.2). This infers that Augustus did not wish to portray his family during the games for this reason; by 9BC however the family appears to have become heavily involved in political terms illustrated through the building of the ara pacis and their portrayal on the monument (Syme 1939: 389, Wallace-Hadrill 1993: 70-75). The Games themselves still suggest a return to the Res Publica as they are a traditional event held every 100-110 years to coincide with the complete renewal of the previous attending population (Beard, North Price 1998: 201-6). This infers that Augustus was attempting to keep important events associated with the original Res Publica but also gives the proceedings a new direction in com parison to that of the traditional through its increased association with the family unit (Wallace-Hadrill 1993: 70-1). To conclude Augustus did not begin with the sole intention of becoming a monarch, or creating a facade behind which he ruled. Augustus instead reacted to the events of the period; realising throughout his prolonged guardianship of the state that a single governmental position is required to maintain the Pax Romana. This was indeed achieved during his reign, but still within the definitions of the older constitution of the res publica. It was Tiberius, successor to Augustus that first officially began sole rule. The supposed sham of the restoration of the res publica is therefore similar to a constitutional shift; which had been occurring since the beginning of the government itself. If a point at which Augustus began to obviously affect the constitution needed to be chosen, it would be that of the law changes in of 19-11BC; as this radically affected the people and their associated rights rather than the senate alone. These law changes caused a complete shift in the roles of both Aug ustus and that of a traditional Roman father figure. On the surface this change in the pater potestas appears minimal, but in reality caused the downfall of some of the overlying ideas of the res publica in relation to the family unit, incorporating Augustus within every aspect of life.

Personal Development Plan Management Essay

Personal Development Plan Management Essay 1 In accordance with the requirements of the task, and identifying individual and organizational goals and smart analysis, and the need to achieve these goals, and skills necessary to analyze and explain the work.  Skills in the objectives of the organization in the future, the goals of individuals and organizations to achieve. Personal Objectives In focusing towards the acronym of SMART, my personal and organizational objectives should be specific, measurable, achievable, realistic and bounding within time. It means that it is personal or company specific, type of medium is obtained and bounding should be in time. Specific purpose means the purpose of airport facilities, well defined, with broad and focused.  Moreover, special purpose primarily, results and direct further action is discussed.   The goal should be average.  Purpose of measure, for the purpose of this development objective measure awareness and action needed to ensure the identity of the source should be.  Objective standard to compare the performance goal setting is obvious. Another feature  is that the  goal should be  an attainable goal.  If  the target  specified  by the  person  can not be achieved, then  people do not  feel  interested, never  power  to achieve  these goals.  Can not be achieved  when the target  person,  then his  frustration  and  loss of motivation. Cannot be achieved  if the target  is  unrealistic.  This means that  the source  of the  goal should be  specific,  are available.  In order to achieve the desired objectives  of the  purpose and  have some resources, such as: skills, capital, equipment, etc.  will also be  a period of time  to achieve, which means that  there is a  deadline  to achieve this goal  needs.  Time management is  very necessary  in order to achieve  this goal. For a  shortcut  from the  Smart,  my personal  goal is to: 1.To  achieve from  the London  school  of management and accounting  degree  courses. 2.  In order to  complete the  degree. 3.  To become a  good manager  in the organization. Organization objectives Short  to  Smart  organization  as director,  be considered,  there  is a  five  goal  should be that  managers  are  by: Forecasting and planning Intelligence,  attention  briefly  to  the community as  a  supervisory  director,  the director there  are  five  goals: Organizing building of structure division of task resources must be in hand e.g technology, money, material, human. Insurance of security 3:Command =reporting of hierarchy =mentioning of activities =control of all activities by manager 4:Co-ordination Harmony of all efforts Supervision of co ordinated manage Motivation Support must b provided 5: Controlling In order to check efficiency of the personnel, rules are set and commands are expressed to conduct the managerial work. Time management strategies: Managing time for a week: time more effectively and efficiently to use, there are a few ways such as time management. To do this, time can be divided into smaller units. In the case of a business organization, it is seen that the time is spent on various activities of the organization is producing the majority and often ineffective time management time is wasted because of the employee. There are some strategies for time management: 1: Establishing Objectives: To achieve profit maximization, with a realistic way to plan the use of time. Time management is a manager or an organizational objectives more effectively and efficiently helps the entrepreneur to achieve. 2: Evaluation of spending time: Place to spend way too much time at work is required to determine. Hours of work or my availability is also calculated. Actions and activities which a person can do in a week the amount of numbers should also be calculated. In addition to these, other priorities are: 1.Assess the difference between actual and ideal use of time.    2. Give priority assignment work.    3. Necessary and important work towards putting. requirement of skills for achieving personal and organization objectives For the  purpose of this meeting  and every  goal,  individuals and organizations  goals, there is a  need for  certain skills, such as: communication  skills  with other  people,  and information technology and skills, problem solving and  skills and  team  performance and self-learning  Ability of  job skills.  These skills  and basic skills, it is very  important  to achieve  a personal  goal of  many. However, in order  to achieve  the organizations  objectives,  such as the  departments  necessary to include  the  four  skills:  planning, organization  and leadership, and coordination. Task 2: Personal Development Plan Column 1 Column 2 Column 3 Column 4 Column 5 Column 6 Column 7 SKILL Existing PROFICIENCY Proficiency of target Scope of development Judging success criteria Time frame proof No 1. Priority Skills of presentation To be able to give presentation in classroom but feel nervous and cant give presentation as the standard of professional Classroom presenter as confidently Be able to give presentation in the group of tutor I want to achieve A grade in my project by giving successful presentation in the class. Till the academic year ending By giving successful presentation in the class No 2. Priority Skills Of writing The description as technical is good but critical thinking of mine seems to be difficult to present Descriptive writing is good and critical writing is satisfactory To college writing fellow, I can show my work and also in relation to business studies I can make better assignment 2.1 achieving by me in relation to the business studies and assess my skill in accordance with my teacher feedback. I can achieved confidence to make better assignment Till the year of 2nd By making successful assignment in relation course studies No 3. PRIORITY Awareness as commercial I have interest in the issue of business but lack of the awareness as practical Knowledge as practice To participate on the training program for achieving commercial awareness Complete the program of training program for achieving commercial awareness Till the year of 3rd By achieving commercial awareness No 4. PRIORITY Skills Of Team working Cant adjust to work with the team member and cant appreciate other works and also hate to appreciate other ideas Goals are understood by me greatly in order to achieve objectives I appreciate the other team member roles and activities Team progress can be monitored by me in order to meet the difficulties and overcome these difficulties Till the year of 3rd By lead a team successfully No 5. PRIORITY Skills of leadership Not confident and cant lead or motivate other people with my own word Achieve confidence to lead the team and also delegate with others Working as a team leader on a group project. Group is satisfied with me, project is considered as most successful and I can achieve confidence at the best level Till the year of 3rd Working as a team leader on a group project. Task 3 Professional skills Tesco, Sainsbury Marks and Spencer: To respond to this task, here I select the three organizations.   The definition of professional skills and knowledge skills that are obtained for the purpose of personal growth and career advancement as well as can be provided. Facilitate learning opportunities for personal development as the formal work, as conventions and helped with the range of educational opportunities related to the practice involves. Features intensive and collaborative learning opportunities are related with the assessment phase. Consulting, training and community practice, lessons, training, supervision as reflective studies, and technology support: personal development, for example, includes several ways. Personal skills Is also the personal skills and personal skills of the person which consists of mental and communicative algorithms that are applied for the purpose of social communication and interaction with other peoples in order to determine the specific effects or results.   In order to be a successful manager, should be him or her to contain some professional and personal skills such as: leadership, skill and time management, Meeting management, making the presentation, stress management and other given of these skills and new lives. Leadership skills Leadership  skills,  management skills  are considered, is  to promote the Groups  people  use  to achieve  common goals.  In this competitive  market, it is very  necessary to  control,  through its manager,  he or she  can make  the effective and  efficient  leadership skills.  Leadership is  primarily  the ability to  include  local leaders  to listen to  the views of others,  and observe  the activities of employees.  Moreover,  the decision  in decision-making,  the much-needed  skills  for the  manager of  an organization.  Another thing  is that if  employees  have no incentive  to do their own  work  then the business  cannot run, and with the  leadership skills  of  managers, can greatly  stimulate their  works  on the  staff,  to  give them the best. Time management skill Time  management skills  can be  specified in  the definition  and development  processes  to increase efficiency  and productivity  of the  technology tools.  Time management skills  is regarded as personal skills, the use of  the  valuable resources  within the time frame  oriented.  For  the purpose of  time management, managers should be more  organized, efficient, and  fun.  Of personal  time management  skills  including  setting goals, planning  activities, priorities,  making  decisions, delegating, and  scheduling.  By using time management  skills, you can  eliminate waste,  make  the preparations for  the meeting,  refused to  excessive work load, monitor  progress, plan  for  every day, every  week  to  be effective. Stress management skill Stress  is defined as  a specific  event  can provide  the body  the nervous system  response.  Stress management  can be defined as with  stress  reduction and  with people who  include  the  skills,  can contribute to  the specific  situation and  to adjust the  target  system. Stress management  skills are  very  necessary  purpose of  this meeting  managers  and said  the meeting,  the then  managers  should control the  pressure. The above  techniques, such as: leadership,  time management skills, stress  management techniques  is essential  managers success  in his career  and personal life  and his or her  own  through which  to meet  and  achieve organizational  goals and  objectives. Recommendation Several methods currently exist that promote the professional skills for personal purposes, appropriate: leadership, time management skills and management skills is the pressure on managers need in their career success and good life as an individual, through his or she was able to meet the individual and the achievement of the objectives and organizational goals.   For the purpose of developing these skills, can take a number of methods that are described below:   1.  As a structured approach is used to aim to solve the problem   2.  Training programs   3.  The links created between the problem and try to resolve it   4.  Between problem solving and decision-making and relationships   5.  Problems can be solved, through their opinions, to take the peoples support and use, as well as skills development resources required to   Here, the training program and practice development into its own as the most practical approach is to develop personal and professional skills for the purpose of considering professional and personal skills.  The training program mainly related to knowledge acquisition and learning process, sharpening, skills, attitude and behaviour change components, in order to improve employee performance.   Not only that, by the practitioner himself, a person can reach the required skills, such as: Through practice, one can manage time, to solve this problem. Task 4: Personal development plan The definition of personal development plans, providing the persons skills development, as opposed to development or to establish personal and career as well as important things to consider.  In order to develop their own personality, so that the purpose of personal development plan is necessary.  In order to achieve skills and confidence as a professional life, personal development plans to provide support.  And building a career in the relationship between the two main aspects, personal development and characteristics, as well as making good career development characteristics.  Therefore, we can say that a person should have to do a personal development plan.  Here, in relation to the personal and professional and organizational goals, Kolbs learning style is used to learn through it to find appropriate ways and methods to determine the purpose of achieving personal and professional goals and organizational goals. Several methods currently exist that promote the professional skills for skills for personal purpose, appropriate: leadership, time management skills and management skills is the pressure on managers need in their career success and good life as an individual, through his or she was able to meet the individual and the achievement of the objectives and organizational goals.   For the purpose of developing these skills, can take a number of methods that are described below:   1.  As a structured approach is used to aim to solve the problem   2.  Training programs   3.  The links created between the problem and try to resolve it   4.  Between problem solving and decision-making and relationships   5.  Problems can be solved, through their opinions, to take the peoples support and use, as well as skills development resources required to   Here, the training program and practice development into its own as the most practical approach is to develop personal and professional skills for the purpose of considering professional and personal skills.  The training program mainly related to knowledge acquisition and learning process, sharpening, skills, attitude and behaviour change components, in order to improve employee performance.   Not only that, by the practitioner himself, a person can reach the required skills, such as: Through practice, one can manage time, to solve this problem.   Continuing Professional Development:   Continuing Professional Development (CPD) or Continuing Professional Education (CPE) is the means by which members of professional associations maintain, improve and expand their knowledge and skills, develop their career in the personal qualities required.   Refer to as continuing professional development is to improve the structure of personal skills and professional capacity or commitment.  Continuing professional development can also be defined as awareness of the professional knowledge and expertise throughout a persons working life to improve the update. This is a dedicated, constantly updated, constantly seeking to improve commitment.  It is the optimization of the employment opportunities, both now and in the key to the future.  Should participate in continuing professional development, information and progress and embrace best practice, easy to digest knowledge.  It should neither be too harsh, not boring.  It should stimulate the desire to understand more and more involved in your career. Task 5: Skill audit: There are such questions which consist of point value: Strongly disagree 1 Disagree 2 Agree 3 Strongly agree 4 Team work 1 2 3 4 1. Can adjust to work with all team members o o o o 2: understood the goals in order to achieve objective o o o o 3: my responsibilities are indicator of team efforts o o o o 4: I appreciate the team efforts and its role o o o o 5: In order to meet and overcome the difficulties, o o o o I will monitor my team progress. 6: I will be delighted to lead my team o o o o Problem solving: 7: I may break the task and distribute to my 1 2 3 4 Team. 8: I may ask for help to solve problems. o o o o 9: I face challenges to solve my problems. o o o o 10: Brainstorming is my main tool to generate o o o o ideas. 11: I can anticipate the possible results o o o o to complete a task successfully. 12: I can also predict the alternative solution o o o o in order to solve problems. Time management: 13: Tasks are organised by me on deadline of every task. o o o o 14: I make coherence between the work progress as well as targets. o o o o 15: I evaluate my strength and weakness to meet my o o o o targets and weakness. 16: I may ask for help to solve the problems. o o o o Listen Read phonetically Dictionary View detailed dictionary

Medicine, Drugs, and the Internet Essay -- Exploratory Essays Research

Drugs and Cyberspace Since the beginning of time, humans have been searching for the ultimate answer. Throughout many cultures, plants as well as manufactured substances are used both for healing and to broaden perceptions and challenge reality. Drugs are a part of the incessant evolution of the human species towards a higher and greater intelligence, empathy and awareness or consciousness (Rushkoff, 34). Gurus and shaman have eternally incorporated plant chemicals into methods for enlightenment. For America, the early 1950's marked the emergence in popularity of psychedelic drugs as a tool for mind expansion (Kuhn, 163). Timothy Leary, an icon of 60's drug subculture, as well as cybernetic psychology explains, "the psychedelic drug movement of the 60's and the personal computer movement of the 80's are inner and outer reflections of each other." Leary also argues that only if you understand something about computers, can you begin to understand psychedelic drugs (Sheff, 120). Psychedelics deconstruct one's basic assumptions about life, presenting choices that are arbitrary to the individual and the given society. In The Doors of Perception, Aldous Huxley reflects on the capabilities of chemicals on the human mind: "Administered in suitable doses, peyote changes the quality of consciousness more profoundly and yet is less toxic than any other substances in the pharmacologist's repetory" (Huxley, 9). Douglas Rushkoff, one in the same as Leary, has written several books on the topic of psychedelics and cyberspace. He believes "with the help of a psychedelic journey, one can come back [from tripping] and consciously choose a different reality from one that's been agreed upon... ...rception. New York: Harper & Row, 1954. Kimm, Todd. "Can a Man Fly on the Internet?" icon. Vol. 16, Oct. 15, 1998, www.iconquest.com Kuhn, Cynthia; Scott Swartzwelder; Wilkie Wilson. Buzzed. New York: W.W. Norton & Company, 1998. Leary, Timothy. High Priest. New York: College Notes &Texts, Inc., 1968. Leinhard, John H. "A Concern About Reality." No. 88. Nov. 1998. http://www.uh.edu/engines. McKenna, Terence. Archaic Revivals. San Francisco: HarperCollins, 1991. Neumann, Peter G. "Are Computers Addictive?" Communications of the ACM Vol. 40. No. 3 (March 1998): p. 128. Rushkoff, Douglas. Cyberia: Life in the Trenches of Hyperspace. San Francisco: HarperCollins, 1994. Sheff, David. "From Psychedelics to Cybernetics." Publish. Feb 1992: p.120 Taylor, Eugene. "Psychedelics: The Second Coming." Psychology Today. Jul 1996: pp.56-59+

John Steinbeck: Experiencing the Dust Bowl Essay -- essays research pa

The 1930’s were a decade of great change politically, economically, and socially. The Great Depression and the Dust Bowl wore raw the nerves of the people, and our true strength was shown. From it arose John Steinbeck, a storyteller of the Okies and their hardships. His books, especially The Grapes of Wrath, are reflections of what really went on in the 1930’s. John Steinbeck did not write about what he had previously read, he instead wrote what he experienced through his travels with the migrant workers. â€Å"His method was not to present himself notebook in hand and interview people. Instead he worked and traveled with the migrants as one of them, living as they did and arousing no suspicion from employers militantly alert against â€Å"agitators† of any kind.† (Lisca 14) John Steinbeck’s The Grapes of Wrath was derived from his personal experiences and his journeys with the migrant workers. John Steinbeck was born on February 27, 1902 in the town of Salinas, California. Salinas was an agricultural trading center with ties to the farms and ranches in the area. Steinbeck’s father, John Steinbeck Sr., was in the flour-milling business and through it supported his family of three daughters and one son. Steinbeck was a good student and a great writer even at an early age; he wrote stories for his high school paper. (Lisca 1-4) The experiences that were most influential to Steinbeck were not at school, but instead came from his home and the countryside. He read his mother’s books, which included the titles of Crime and Punishment, Paradise Lost and The Return of the Native. Another major influence was the countryside of California that surrounded him all his childhood. He went with Good 2 his family to his mother’s family ranch, where Steinbeck was surrounded by nature, and these kinds of trips led him to write such books as â€Å"East of Eden† and â€Å"The Red Pony†. (Lisca 3-5) Later in life, Steinbeck wrote a book called â€Å"In Dubious Battle†, which made him known as sympathetic to the labor conditions in California. Because of this, Steinbeck accepted assignments to write articles about the migrants working in California. Steinbeck had been aware of the labor problems in his state of California, but for these articles he wanted to experience it firsthand. For inspiration for his articles, and also what would turn out to be the inspiration for â€Å"Grapes of Wrath†, he visited t... ...out I’ve tried to make the reader participate in the actuality, what he takes from it will be scaled entirely on his own depth or hollowness. There are five layers in this book, a reader will find as many as he can and he won’t find more than he has in himself. (DeMott xiii).   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  John Steinbeck was not observing these people’s plight, but was instead living and feeling it. Steinbeck could have only been considered an observer in that he did not have to experience it. Throughout his experiences living and working with the migrants he not only became interested or aware of the cause, but he became attached to the cause and it became a part of him. Good 5 Works Cited DeMott, Robert. Introduction. The Grapes of Wrath. By John Steinbeck. New York: Penguin Books, 1939. Lisca, Peter. John Steinbeck: Nature and Myth. New York: Thomas Y. Cromwell Company, 1978. Steinbeck, Elaine, and Robert Wallsten. Steinbeck: A Life in Letters. New York; Penguin Books, 1989 Steinbeck, John. The Grapes of Wrath. 20th century ed. New York: Penguin Books, 1939. Steinbeck, John. Working Days: The Journals of Grapes of Wrath. Ed. Robert DeMott. New York: Penguin Books, 1989.

Events Management Case Study Big Day Out Essay

Conflicts of Interest and communications between founding partners Ken West and Vivian Lees can lead to internal organisational issues for example misguided and confused management, which could potentially hinder the whole event. (2) Host Community and Event Location: Big day out at the moment have a negative relationship Claremont council with the current councillor and mayor both believing that the music festival bringing more negatives to the region then positives. This also generates bad media for the event displaying it, as â€Å"detrimental† to the community and that it should relocate from the showgrounds. As the showgrounds is the only location in Perth that can safely house 40,000 people and is also close to public transport. Relocating to a more isolated and smaller venue would disinterest punters with greater cost of going to the venue and also a lower cap on ticket sales, which will lead to less revenue and inspire greater scalping margins. (3) New Management: With Lees leaving the event, Big Day Out management have to manage their first event working with new co managers C3 Presents. This is an issue because they will bring new techniques used over in America in the management of Lollapalooza which whilst being possibly effective, if the existing Big day out management isn’t dynamic, confusion and conflict could occur jeopardising the whole success of the event. (4) Maintaining Quality of event: Big Day Out organisers are under a lot of pressure to maintain the quality of the line up while dealing with higher and higher asking prices from headline performers, this makes it harder to obtain a higher number of â€Å"big name† acts as the event use to draw as the asking price of performers has risen greatly. Also because in previous years the Event has scored good quality bug name acts such as Nirvana, for a decent price, the pressure is on for the event to deliver equal too or greater than standards year after year. (5) Financing and Ticket Sales: Financing and Ticket Sales are somewhat complimentary in this case because even though BDO managers paid a lot to get headliner Kanye West it was not enough to spark the required ticket sales, not to mention cutting the line up for the Western and South Australia shows and abandoning New Zealand. Without high Ticket sales there is less profit and therefore lower finances to support the next years bill resulting in less headliners and less ticket sales. If C3 Presents had not bought into BDO this could have been the start of a relentless cycle for BDO, which could have resulted in its demise. (6) Competition: Apart from higher asking prices from performers, bidding against other events such as future and soundwave for headliners makes the asking price even higher. This can then determine who headlines which event, which can turn into a competition for punters. With the main demographic of music festivals being young low-income earners, generally they have to decide which one summer festival they would like to attend. This decision is generally made from how many big acts are on the line up. (7) Fan Loyalty: After completely scrapping the New Zealand leg of the even and cutting some headline acts fro the South and Western Australian legs of the event, Big Day Out managers have to work really hard to keep a loyal fan base and try make the regrettable cuts have as less impact as possible on the events fan bas and ticket sales. Will punters trust Big Day Out if it returns to New Zealand and will Western and Southern Australians pay the same price as the east coast for less of an event? (8) Bad Media: Big Day Out has recently come under fire from Claremont Councilman Peter Browne stated to the media â€Å"The benefits of such concerts are hopelessly outweighed by the intolerable noise, the late finish, the high level of criminal activity and general social misbehaviour in and outside of the grounds. This inspires a bad relationship with Big Day Out and the media because such a quote can trigger the media to produce stories that correlate the big day out with public disruption, un happy residence, criminal behaviour and delinquent youths. Which are all damaging to Big Day Outs’ public image. 3. What alternatives would you offer when recommending solving three of your major issues that you found in question 2? Be detailed in your answer. (10 marks each = 30 marks in total) (1) New Management- The Intro duction of C3 Presents to the management team of Big Day Out could be one of the best or worst things to happen to event. To ensure that it is a good thing a smooth integration must occur. Existing management must be willing to be dynamic and open to change whilst still employing standards and techniques that have shaped Big Day Out into what it is renowned as. Because C3 has shown to be very successful with Lollapalooza in the states they should be given quite a bit of control but given direction not to totally re shape the festivals image jeopardising its reputation and loyal fan base. C3 can bring a lot of good management traits to the table with the main two being effective HR and also industry contacts. With lollapalooza being such a large and successful even the managers at C3 Presents have been able to develop exception management and HR skills which would help BDO excel. The Managers at C3 would also have excellent contacts allowing possibilities for international growth and exposure, not to mention contacts with talent agents, managers and performers which leads to my next recommendation. (2) Competition – With Managers from C3 Presents at the helm of BDO the event can now excel in getting big name headliners at better prices and also reduce the risks of being out bid by other festivals such as Soundwave and Future Music. This is because of C3’s buying power and contacts. C3 can use past contacts from Lollapalooza to invite headline shows from their American festival to also tour as part of BDO. Almost every main headliner that has played BDO in the past has played at Lollapalooza and contract deals could be made where some headliners get paid to play both festivals, also knowing C3’s reputation acts could be inclined to take lower offers to play the event due to exposure and the chance to be asked to play at Lollapalooza after BDO. 3) Host Community – Although most venues are welcoming to the event, Claremont Council forced the event to relocate last year to Victoria Park. This venue is smaller and more isolated then the previous location of Claremont Showgrounds. To reclaim the Showgrounds as the venue for Big Day Out relationship with the mayor, council and local residents need to bee improved. Making the event more sustainable is a start as then there would be less environment al impacts on the venue itself. Improved Crowd controlling would also play in favour as most complaints come from how patrons of the event act outside the venue before and after. More external security and police presence should be employed after the event to make sure that public nuisance is reduced to a minimum and that the neighbouring community is kept safe. If the BDO managers can prove that they have a fortified and planned event that minimising impact on the host community they may have a chance of re hosting the event at the Claremont showgrounds, which would result in higher ticket sales due to the size and capacity of the venue. 4. Identify at least five main differences between marketing a product and marketing an event such as BDO (5 marks). Discuss and analyse five only in detail. (5 marks) (1) Lifetime of Marketing – The marketing of an event is only relative in its marketed regions until the event has ended and is marketed months before tickets go on sale sometimes even up to a year before the event is held. Marketing lifetime for a product is different because only some products are marketed before they are actually on sale and lifetime depends purely on the type of the product where the lifetime of a market campaign of events is generally similar. 2) Use of Media – Events are mainly marketed through newspaper magazines, social media and Internet, billboards and flyers with less frequent television advertisements. Products on the other hand generally have a lot more TV and catalogue advertisements placed. (3)Type of Marketing- Event marketing is normally very forward and will show part of an event or samples performers and activities where product marketing is generally more creative in use of characters, settings and narratives to help personify the inanimate objects. 4) Marketing Events – Events marketing especially in the case of music festivals employ the use of pre-events, for example stereosonic music festivals has a number of launch parties in venues with copious amounts of ticket and merchandise giveaways, this generates a lot of hype about the event and can increase ticket sales. Product marketers on the other hand generally don’t hold a lot of â€Å"Launch Party† type events to create hype and increase sales; although promotions are employed they are more of a rarity in product marketing. 5) Repetition of campaign – Events will use the same advertisement for the life of the campaign where several different advertisements can be produced to market one product 5. When it comes to planning for an event such as BDO, list at least ten aspects that event organisers need to take into account? Be as specific as you can. (10 marks) 1. Human Resources and Management. 2. Location of event 3. Marketing of Event 4. Auditing and Bidding for the Event 5. Event Insurance and Liability 6. Crisis Control and Crowd management 7. Sustainability 8. Host Community 9. Stakeholders 10. Financing and Sponsorship . From question 5, choose two aspects and go into detail with specifics relative to BDO. Topics can be chosen from the first 4 weeks of lecture topics and readings. (10 marks each = 20 marks in total) Sustainability of Big Day Out: In today’s day and age sustainability is one of the most important aspects in large scale event planning. Sustainability reduces the environment al impact of an event, which as a hole reduces the carbon footprint, reduces rubbish and waste litter, leaves less impact on the venue flora and fauna and also helps generate positive media and perception about the Event. Below I have listed ideas in detail, which would help make Big Day Out a more sustainable Event; Mobile App – This would include an E ticket QR code, event timetable and also an interactive music trivia app about the festivals band (to encourage use). This is app would reduce the use of printed tickets and timetables. Public Transport Tickets – Include public transport in the cost of ticket (as used for Suncorp Stadium events) reduce the amount of people who drive and cab to the event. Cup system- Make a system where either for every 6 cups you pick up off the ground and return you get a free refill or introduce a system where if you hold onto your cup you pay a cheaper rate for refills. Recyclable products – Make sure all disposable goods available from vendors, besides merchandise, are recyclable and have majority of bins at the festival recycle bins. Human Resource Management- Human resource management at a large-scale event has to be employed exceptionally for the event to run as smoothly and risk free as possible. The importance of HR’s contribution to the successfulness of events is shown through precedent such as case studies of the Sydney Olympics, which was deemed to be the most successful Olympics ever. For BDO managers and HR staff would be employed professionally, hopefully using staff from previous years. General vendors bar and cleaning staff would all be qualified volunteers working intermittent shifts allowing them to enjoy the festival after there shifts as there pay. A free festival ticket for a few hours work should be enough incentive to keep the workers motivated. Those who work till end of event would have monetary incentive, also enthusiastic employed managers should be able to keep their workers motivated. Crowd Controllers would be professionally hired, preferably those with experience, although they ask a higher wage one experienced festival crowd controller would be more beneficial then three rookies thrown into the mist of the Big Day Out. Police and professional Medical team will also be employed as per state law requirements.

Admission Essay Fashion Design

There is a unique satisfaction that comes with fulfilling one’s career life dreams.   Without pursuing the career of one’s choice, one can never get that unique satisfaction.   As a young child I always admired and appreciated beauty.   I watched hours on end any TV programs which documented fashion design.   I was choosy and very particular with what I would put on, what my friends put on and even the make up I applied.My dad wanted me to study finance and although my heart was not there, I enrolled for a securities finance course which I did well.   However, it has been hard to secure a job in that profession, the market is rather flooded and therefore I have not been able to secure a decent, well paying job. For the past 5 years I have often found myself doing more of fashion designing to earn a daily living than any of the finance duties I studied in college.So far, I have managed to succeed in life by utilizing my talent and informal training gained throu gh interacting with well known fashion designers in Korea. Consequently I have become successful as a fashion designer although I do not have any formal training in fashion design.   I have convictions that if I added formal training to my talent in fashion design I would excel in life. I believe that fashion design has more to it than just making money; it is about lifestyle of a people with a cultural meaning.My dream is to get admission at the school of fashion design, Fashion Institute of Technology, in New York, which is one of the best fashion design schools in the world.   Given the opportunity I will study hard to acquire the necessary skills.I plan to invest back in my country by probably starting a fashion design school in Korea which would serve as a center of excellence in fashion design once I graduate. I really want to get admission into the school of fashion design, Fashion Institute of Technology, New York so as to get the exposure on European, American, Hong Kon g and Japanese fashion designs which are becoming more and more popular in Korea.ReferenceGordon, V.., & Sears, S. (2004). Selecting a college major: Exploration and decision-making (5th ed.). Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pearson Prentice Hall.